In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, majuscule, or large letters) and smaller lower case (also minuscule or small letters) in certain languages. Here is a comparison of the upper and lower case versions of each letter included in the Roman alphabet (the exact representation will vary according to the font used): Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height, while the height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average (ascenders and descenders: “bdfghjklpqty”). The upper-case forms are regarded as the basic or citation forms of the letters. In orthography, the upper case is primarily reserved for special purposes, typically to be used as the first letter of a sentence or a proper noun, which makes the lower case the more common variant. Languages have capitalisation rules to determine whether an upper or lower case letter is to be used in a given context, but there can also be stylistic variation.